ABSTRACT
A girl was brought into the emergency room after a non-penetrating cervical trauma. On physical examination, a rapidly progressing chest subcutaneous emphysema was denoted. The child was immediately intubated and mechanical ventilation was initiated. The CT-scan revealed a rupture to the posterior wall of the trachea and a pneumomediastinum. The child was transferred to the paediatric intensive care unit. A conservative approach was chosen, including tracheal intubation as a bypass through the tracheal injury, sedation to reduce the risk of further tracheal trauma and prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Twelve days after the incident, a bronchoscopy demonstrated the integrity of tracheal mucous and the child was successfully extubated. Three months after hospital discharge she was asymptomatic. In this clinical case, the conservative approach presented a successful outcome, avoiding the risks associated with surgery.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Tracheal Diseases , Female , Humans , Child , Trachea , Rupture , Airway ExtubationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) varies between different regions of Brazil. This cross-sectional study examined the epidemiological characteristics of IBD in the Southern Brazilian state of Paraná. METHODS: We included patients with IBD (n=6.748) selected across 11,468,818 population of Paraná. All patients had a known diagnosis of either Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and had started treatment through the Government Program of the Brazilian Unified Health System (2010-2019). The primary outcomes were changes in the incidence and prevalence rates of IBD. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 4.931 (73.1%) patients with UC and 1.817 (26.9%) patients with CD. In participants aged 11-30 years, CD was more common, while in participants aged 40-80 years, UC predominated. UC was more common in female compared to male patients, with a similar incidence between the sexes evident for CD. In 2010, the incidence of IBD was 2.00/100,00 population; this increased to 13.77/100,000 population by 2019. The highest concentration of IBD patients was found in the eastern macro-region of Paraná, which includes the 2nd Health Regional of Curitiba, where the capital of the state is located. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to describe the epidemiological characteristics of IBD in the state of Paraná and showed an increase in its incidence and prevalence. We also identified that IBD was concentrated in the eastern macro-region of this Brazilian state.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative , Crohn Disease , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Brazil/epidemiology , Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Crohn Disease/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Incidence , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology , Male , PrevalenceABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) varies between different regions of Brazil. This cross-sectional study examined the epidemiological characteristics of IBD in the Southern Brazilian state of Paraná. Methods: We included patients with IBD (n=6.748) selected across 11,468,818 population of Paraná. All patients had a known diagnosis of either Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and had started treatment through the Government Program of the Brazilian Unified Health System (2010-2019). The primary outcomes were changes in the incidence and prevalence rates of IBD. Results: The study population consisted of 4.931 (73.1%) patients with UC and 1.817 (26.9%) patients with CD. In participants aged 11-30 years, CD was more common, while in participants aged 40-80 years, UC predominated. UC was more common in female compared to male patients, with a similar incidence between the sexes evident for CD. In 2010, the incidence of IBD was 2.00/100,00 population; this increased to 13.77/100,000 population by 2019. The highest concentration of IBD patients was found in the eastern macro-region of Paraná, which includes the 2nd Health Regional of Curitiba, where the capital of the state is located. Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the epidemiological characteristics of IBD in the state of Paraná and showed an increase in its incidence and prevalence. We also identified that IBD was concentrated in the eastern macro-region of this Brazilian state.
RESUMO Contexto: A epidemiologia das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) varia em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Este estudo transversal avaliou as características epidemiológicas da DII no estado do Paraná no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foram incluídos pacientes com DII (n=6,748) selecionados de 11.468.818 habitantes no estado do Paraná. Todos os pacientes eram portadores de doença de Crohn (DC) ou retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) e iniciaram seu tratamento por meio do Sistema Público de Dispensação de Medicamentos da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná (2010-2019). Os desfechos primários foram as alterações na incidência e prevalência de DII. Resultados: A população de estudo foi constituída de 4.931 pacientes (73,1%) portadores de RCU e 1.817 (26,9%) de DC. Nos pacientes com 11 a 30 anos a DC foi mais comum, enquanto naqueles com 40-80 anos a RCU predominou. Retocolite ulcerativa foi mais frequente no sexo feminino, com frequência semelhante entre os sexos para DC. A incidência de DII passou de 2,00/100.000 habitantes em 2010 para 13,77/100.000 habitantes em 2019. A maior incidência da DII foi observada na macrorregional leste, que inclui a 2ª Regional Curitiba, onde a capital do estado está localizada. Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo com a descrição das características epidemiológicas do Paraná e mostrou aumento na incidência e prevalência da DII no estado. Foi também identificada maior concentração da DII na macrorregional leste deste estado brasileiro.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to evaluate the experience of our service in the treatment of esophageal perforations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of the nine cases occurred between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2011. Seven occurred after accidental ingestion of foreign bodies and in two patients were iatrogenic lesions after esophagoscopy with dilation: a peptic stricture in one case and in the other stenosis of the esophageal anastomosis in a child operated for esophageal atresia. RESULTS: In 78% of cases the initial approach was medical, with healing of the perforation confirmed on average after 20 days, 22% of patients (2 cases) underwent surgery without success, one of them healed without sequelae having nothing by mouth and medical therapy, in the other case there was a need for further colon esophagoplasty. There was no mortality. DISCUSSION: Esophageal perforation is one of the most serious injuries of the alimentary tract, continues to be devastating, and difficult to diagnosis and treatment. The recognition of this complication is critical for a successful treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The delay of the diagnosis is associated with a mortality which can oscillate between 20 and 40%.
Introdução: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a experiência do nosso Serviço no tratamento das perfurações esofágicas. Material e Métodos: Análise retrospetiva de nove casos ocorridos entre 1 de Janeiro de 1996 e 31 de Dezembro de 2011. Destes casos, sete ocorreram após ingestão acidental de corpos estranhos e em dois tratou-se de lesões iatrogénicas após dilatação esofágica: por estenose péptica num caso e no outro por estenose da anastomose esofágica término-terminal de uma criança operada por atrésia do esófago. Resultados: Em 78% dos casos a abordagem inicial foi médica, com encerramento comprovado da perfuração em média ao fim de 20 dias; 22% dos doentes (dois casos) foram submetidos a cirurgia sem sucesso, acabando um deles por curar sem sequelas com pausa alimentar e terapêutica médica; no outro caso verificou-se necessidade de realizar posteriormente uma esofagocoloplastia. Na nossa série não se registou mortalidade. Discussão: A perfuração esofágica é uma das lesões mais graves do trato alimentar, continuando a ser devastadora, e, de difícil diagnóstico e tratamento. O reconhecimento desta complicação é fundamental para o seu tratamento com sucesso. Conclusões: O atraso do diagnóstico está associado a uma mortalidade que pode oscilar entre os 20 e 40%.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Perforation/surgery , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Leprosy is a disease, which is accompanied by cellular immunity defects, which may increase the susceptibility of patients in developing co-infections. The association of leprosy with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV 1+2) infection and human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV I+II) infection have previously been described in different populations. In this study, the prevalence of these infections was determined in 199 Southern Brazilian leprosy patients and in 681 matched controls. Antibodies to HCV were positive in 3.52% of the patients (7/199) and in 0.15% of the controls (1/681; odds ratio (OR)=24.79; 95% CI=3.03-202.74; p=0.0002). An increased risk of HCV infection was observed in institutionalized patients (OR=14.95; 95% CI=1.76-127.03; p=0.004) and in the lepromatous form of the disease (OR=7.67; 95% CI=0.43-136.62; p=ns). Anti-HIV 1+2 antibodies were positive in only one out-patient (1/199; 0.50%) and in none of the controls (0/681; OR=3.43; 95% CI=0.21-55.16; p>0.05). No leprosy patient was positive for anti-HTLV I+II antibodies. These results demonstrate an increased prevalence of HCV infection in leprosy patients from South Brazil and that both institutionalization and lepromatous form of the disease confer higher risk to HCV infection. These data emphasizes the importance of monitoring hepatitis C and leprosy interactions and the need of special care to institutionalized and lepromatous patients in preventing HCV co-infection.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis C/complications , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Leprosy/complications , Leprosy/epidemiology , Patient Isolation , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-I Infections/complications , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/complications , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Leprosy is a disease, which is accompanied by cellular immunity defects, which may increase the susceptibility of patients in developing co-infections. The association of leprosy with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV 1+2) infection and human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV I+II) infection have previously been described in different populations. In this study, the prevalence of these infections was determined in 199 Southern Brazilian leprosy patients and in 681 matched controls. Antibodies to HCV were positive in 3.52% of the patients (7/199) and in 0.15% of the controls (1/681; odds ratio (OR)=24.79; 95% CI=3.03-202.74; p=0.0002). An increased risk of HCV infection was observed in institutionalized patients (OR=14.95; 95% CI=1.76-127.03; p=0.004) and in the lepromatous form of the disease (OR=7.67; 95% CI=0.43-136.62; p=ns). Anti-HIV 1+2 antibodies were positive in only one out-patient (1/199; 0.50%) and in none of the controls (0/681; OR=3.43; 95% CI=0.21-55.16; p>0.05). No leprosy patient was positive for anti-HTLV I+II antibodies. These results demonstrate an increased prevalence of HCV infection in leprosy patients from South Brazil and that both institutionalization and lepromatous form of the disease confer higher risk to HCV infection. These data emphasizes the importance of monitoring hepatitis C and leprosy interactions and the need of special care to institutionalized and lepromatous patients in preventing HCV co-infection.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Middle Aged , Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hepatitis C Antibodies , Brazil , Leprosy , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C , HIV Infections , HTLV-I Infections , HTLV-II Infections , Patient Isolation , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Foi determinada, em termos do DL50, a toxicidade do veneno de Crotalus durissus collilineatus, em camundongos, através da inoculaçäo pelas vias collilineatus, em camundongos, através da inoculaçäo pelas vias intraperitoneal e intravenosa. Verificou-se que a intraperitoneal é a mais sensível a açäo tóxica da referida peçonha
